Endnotes

Join AFPM Today!

The vast majority of American petroleum refiners and petrochemical manufacturers, along with hundreds of industry service companies, are currently members of AFPM.

To learn more, contact Laura Hornbuckle at membership@afpm.org 202.457.0480 www.afpm.org/membership

The vast majority of American petroleum refiners and petrochemical manufacturers, along with hundreds of industry service companies, are currently members of AFPM.

To learn more, contact Laura Hornbuckle at membership@afpm.org202.457.0480 www.afpm.org/membership

  1. Oxford Economics, The Economic Contributions of the U.S. Petroleum Refineries
  2. Oxford Economics
  3. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Refinery Utilization and Capacity
  4. © 2024 Exxon Mobil Corporation
  5. © 2024 Exxon Mobil Corporation
  6. U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review, Table 1.3 and 10.1, April 2024, preliminary data
  7. U.S. Department of Transportation
  8. U.S. Department of Transportation
  9. U.S. EIA, November 2024
  10. S&P Global Commodity Insights
  11. U.S. Energy Information Administration, Petroleum Supply Monthly; and the U.S. Census Bureau
  12. Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
  13. Association of American Railroads
  14. Congressional Research Service, “Inland and Intracoastal Waterways”
  15. U.S. Maritime Administration
  16. Department of Transportation – Federal Highway Administration, “Our Nation’s Highways”
  17. U.S. Energy Information Administration
  18. U.S. Department of Transportation, Moving Goods in the United States
  19. Railway Supply Institute
  20. U.S. EPA, Our Nation’s Air, Trends Through 2022
  21. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
  22. AFPM Petrochemical Statistics
  23. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  24. EPA Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Program
  25. Plains All American Pipeline SR, p. 4
  26. CITGO Release
  27. AFPM Safety Industry Performance
  28. AFPM Safety Industry Performance
  29. AFPM Safety Industry Performance
  30. AFPM Safety Industry Performance

All images ©Shutterstock except: cover and pg. 10: ©Plains All American; 46, 47, 48: ©Cenovus Energy; 49, 50: ©AFPM.

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